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2017中國(guó)兩棲爬行動(dòng)物新種、新紀(jì)錄及分類變動(dòng)
王剴1,2, 陳宏滿1, 任金龍3
1 中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明動(dòng)物研究所，昆明，云南，中國(guó)
2 Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
3 中國(guó)科學(xué)院成都生物研究所，成都，四川，中國(guó)
2017年內(nèi)，我國(guó)累計(jì)新發(fā)現(xiàn)兩棲爬行動(dòng)物新物種22種新亞種2種，隸屬于4目，10科17屬。其中兩棲類包括了無(wú)尾目Anura的角蟾科Megophryidae（掌突蟾屬Leptolalax、異角蟾屬Xenophrys）、蛙科Ranidae（湍蛙屬Amolops、琴蛙屬 Nidirana、蛙屬Rana、臭蛙屬Odorrana[見(jiàn)下文關(guān)于 Odorrana arunachalensis的屬級(jí)討論]）、樹蛙科Rhacophoridae（溪樹蛙屬Buergeria、纖樹蛙屬Gracixalus、原指樹蛙屬Kurixalus、樹蛙屬Rhacophorus）和有尾目的Caudata蠑螈科Salamandridae（疣螈屬Tylototriton）；爬行類包括了有鱗目Squamata的鬣蜥科Agamidae（攀蜥屬Japalura）、游蛇科Colubridae（后棱蛇屬Opisthotropis）、蜥蜴科Lacertidae（草蜥屬Takysdromus）、石龍子科Scincidae（石龍子屬Plestiodon）、蝮蛇科Viperidae（亞洲蝮屬Gloydius）以及龜鱉目Tesudines的地龜科Geoemydidae（閉殼龜屬Coura）。
其中，新物種最多的屬為異角蟾屬（4種），分布于我國(guó)東南（廣東）和西南地區(qū)（云南、貴州），其次是樹蛙屬和后棱蛇屬（各2種），均分布于我國(guó)東南地區(qū)。從地理格局角度來(lái)看，2017年發(fā)現(xiàn)描述的新物種分布格局較2016年不同，分散于全國(guó)13省及地區(qū)（包括釣魚島）（2016年則集中于云南和西藏兩省）（Wang & Chen, 2017 [22]）。盡管所涉及省份較多，絕大多數(shù)新物種集中發(fā)現(xiàn)于廣東?。?種）和安徽?。?新種1新亞種）。同時(shí)，2017年中國(guó)增加兩棲爬行動(dòng)物新紀(jì)錄4種（棱皮樹蛙屬、異角蟾屬、瘰螈屬及疣螈屬）。
結(jié)合先前數(shù)據(jù)，截止2017年年底，我國(guó)共記錄報(bào)道兩棲動(dòng)物468種，爬行動(dòng)物481種 (Cai et al., 2015; Wang & Chen, 2017 [22])。在此我們總結(jié)2017年所描述新物種，同時(shí)本文總結(jié)了中國(guó)兩棲爬行動(dòng)物在2017年內(nèi)發(fā)生的主要分類變動(dòng)。
新物種
兩棲類Amphibia
新都橋湍蛙 Amolops xinduqiao (四川省) [4]
王聿凡 攝
太田溪樹蛙 Buergeria otai (臺(tái)灣省) [24]
自 Wang et al., 2017 [24]
井岡纖樹蛙 Gracixalus jinggangensis (江西省) [30]
呂植桐 攝
冷泉原指樹蛙 Kurixalus lenquanensis (云南省) [28]
王剴 攝
貓兒山掌突蟾Leptolalax maoershanensis (廣西自治區(qū)) [29]
自Yuan et al., 2017 [29]
藏南臭蛙Odorrana arunachalensis (西藏自治區(qū)) [16]
討論：Saikia 等[16]提供的屬級(jí)劃分所依據(jù)的形態(tài)特征并不具備鑒別性，無(wú)法將其新種劃分至臭蛙屬Odorrana。而依據(jù)作者提供的鑒別特征（如鈍寬頭部）及圖片，該物種極可能歸屬于倭蛙屬Nanorana。
自Saikia 等[16]. 上行：正模雄性；下行：副模雌性
南昆山琴蛙Nidirana nankunensis (廣東省) [8]
自 Lyu et al., 2017 [8]
大別山林蛙Rana dabieshanensis (安徽省) [20]
自Wang et al., 2017 [18]
欒川林蛙Rana luanchuanensis (河南省) [32]
自 Zhao et al., 2017 [32]
安徽樹蛙 Rhacophorus zhoukaiyae (安徽省) [12]
自 Pan et al., 2017 [12]
麗水樹蛙 Rhacophorus lishuiensis (浙江省) [7]
王聿凡 攝
紅股異角蟾Megophrys (Xenophrys) rubrimera (云南省) [18]
自 Tapley et al., 2017 [18]
南澳島異角蟾Xenophrys insularis (廣東省) [21]
自 Wang et al., 2017 [21]
荔波異角蟾Xenophrys liboensis (貴州省) [31]
自 Zhang et al., 2017 [31]
麗水異角蟾 Xenophrys lishuiensis (浙江省) [25]
王聿凡 攝
安徽疣螈Tylototriton anhuiensis (安徽省) [13]
自 Qian et al., 2017 [13]
爬行類Reptilia
金頭閉殼龜大別山亞種Coura aurocapitata dabieshani (安徽省) [19]
自 Torsten et al., 2017. [19]
三線閉殼龜海南亞種Coura trifasciata luteocephala (海南省) [19]
自 Torsten et al., 2017. [19]
紅斑高山蝮Gloydius rubromaculatus (青海省) [17]
自Shi et al., 2017 [17]
深圳后棱蛇Opisthotropis shenzhenensis (廣東省) [26]
自 Wang et al., 2017 [26]
趙氏后棱蛇Opisthotropis zhaoermii (湖南省) [15]
自 Ren et al., 2017 [15]
怒江攀蜥Japalura slowinskii (云南省) [14]
王剴 攝
釣魚島石龍子 Plestiodon takarai (臺(tái)灣省釣魚島) [6]
自 Kurita et al., 2017 [6]
天井山草蜥 Takysdromus albomaculosus (廣東省) [27]
自 Wang et al., 2017.[27] 左欄為雄性、右欄為雌性
新紀(jì)錄及分類變更
Jiang et al.,[10]記錄蔡氏疣螈Tylototriton ziegleri為中國(guó)兩棲類新記錄，分布于云南省南部。
自Nishikawa et al., 2013.[11] 雄性正模
Zhang et al.,[33]記錄越南瘰螈Paramesotriton deloustali為中國(guó)兩棲類新記錄，分布于云南省南部。
任金龍 攝
康定湍蛙Amolops kangtingensis 被定為四川湍蛙 A. mantzorum的同物異名 [4]
自Fei et al., 2017.[4] Topotypic specimen of A. mantzorum.
Lyu et al., [8]依據(jù)分子、形態(tài)及求偶鳴叫的聲學(xué)證據(jù)，從拇棘蛙屬Babina中恢復(fù)了琴蛙屬Nidirana的有效性。同時(shí)，腹斑蛙N. caldwelli被列為彈琴蛙N. adenopleura 的同物異名。依據(jù)其研究結(jié)果，琴蛙屬目前包括8種，即琉球琴蛙N. okinawana、彈琴蛙N. adenopleura、海南琴蛙N. hainanensis、沙巴琴蛙N. chapaensis、仙琴蛙N. daunchina、林琴蛙N. lini、南昆山琴蛙N. nankunensis以及滇蛙N. pleuraden。
自 Lyu et al., 2017 [8]
依據(jù)形態(tài)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，Hou et al., [9] 將廣西棱皮樹蛙Theloderma kwangsiense 列為北部灣棱皮樹蛙T. corticale的同物異名. 同時(shí)文章首次報(bào)道雙色棱皮樹蛙T. bicolor在中國(guó)的分布記錄。依據(jù)研究結(jié)果，中國(guó)目前記錄分布有棱皮樹蛙屬物種6種，包括了白斑棱皮樹蛙T. albopunctatum、背崩棱皮樹蛙T. baibengense、雙色棱皮樹蛙T. bicolor、北部灣棱皮樹蛙T. corticale、棘棱皮樹蛙T. moloch、以及紅吸盤棱皮樹蛙T. rhododiscus. [9]
From Hou et al., 2017. [9] A–F 分別為(A) T. albopunctatum, (B) T. baibengense, (C) T. bicolor, (D) T. corticale, (E) T. moloch, 及 (F) T. rhododiscus
Chen et al., [2]依據(jù)形態(tài)，分子和地理分布數(shù)據(jù)，建議從廣義角蟾屬M(fèi)egophrys sensu lato中恢復(fù)無(wú)耳蟾屬（Atympanophrys）和異角蟾屬（Xenophrys），真正的角蟾屬局限分布在巽他古陸（Sundaland）。中國(guó)先前記錄的廣義角蟾屬物種現(xiàn)被歸為無(wú)耳蟾屬及異角蟾屬屬下。此外，依據(jù)分子數(shù)據(jù)，記錄一中國(guó)新紀(jì)錄，茅索異角蟾Xenophrys maosonensis，分布于我國(guó)云南省東南部。
From Chen et al., 2017 [2]
依據(jù)形態(tài)及分子數(shù)據(jù)，Kurita et al., [6]將中國(guó)石龍子白斑亞種提升為種，即白斑石龍子Plestiodon chinensis leucostictus，分布于臺(tái)灣東部。而因?yàn)樾螒B(tài)重疊且分子差異較小，作者建議將中國(guó)石龍子臺(tái)灣亞種 P. c. formosensis 列為指名亞種 P. c. chinensis的同物異名 [6]
自 Kurita et al., 2017. [6] 左欄：中國(guó)石龍子臺(tái)灣亞種Plestiodon chinensis formosensis； 右欄： 白斑石龍子P. leucostictus. 自上而下各行分別代表同種的不同年齡階段（最上行為幼體）
自上世紀(jì)采集后，Wang et al., [23]首次于野外再次發(fā)現(xiàn)玉龍攀蜥Japalura yulongensis活體，同時(shí)于云南西北部新發(fā)現(xiàn)玉龍攀蜥種群，增補(bǔ)其生態(tài)、保育及分布數(shù)據(jù)。
自 Wang et al., 2017 [23]
Wang et al., [26]依據(jù)新采標(biāo)本，對(duì)福建后棱蛇Opisthotropis maxwelli 及香港后棱蛇 O. andersonii 進(jìn)行了再描述。
自Wang et al., 2017 [26]. 左側(cè)兩欄: 福建后棱蛇Opisthotropis maxwelli; 右側(cè)兩欄: 香港后棱蛇O. andersonii.
依據(jù)全基因組數(shù)據(jù)，Chen et al., [3]將晨蛇屬 Orthriophis 重新劃歸為錦蛇屬 Elaphe 的同物異名，隨之坎氏錦蛇O. cantoris，南峰錦蛇O. hodgsoni, 百花錦蛇O. moellendorffi以及黑眉錦蛇O. taeniurus又重新回歸錦蛇屬。
自 Chen et al., 2017 [3]
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2017中國(guó)兩棲爬行動(dòng)物新種、新紀(jì)錄及分類變動(dòng)
引用：王剴, 陳宏滿, 任金龍 (2018). 2017中國(guó)兩棲爬行動(dòng)物新種、新紀(jì)錄及分類變動(dòng). 發(fā)表于中國(guó)兩棲類 (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/55-56)
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